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In 2019, domestically performed business R&D accounted for $498.2 billion, or 75% of the $666.9 billion national R&D total (table 1 and table 3). The business sector’s predominance in national R&D performance has long been the case,... June 01, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf22330 Analysis | InfoBrief U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion R&D by Type of R&D In 2019, basic research activities accounted for $102.9 billion, or 15% of U.S. total R&D expenditures (table 4). Applied research was $132.0 billion, or 20% of the total. Most of the total of U.S. R&D expenditures was experimental development at $432.0 billion, or 65%.Higher education accounted ... June 01, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf22330 Analysis | InfoBrief U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion R&D-to-GDP Ratio The ratio of total national R&D expenditures to GDP is widely used by national statistical offices and other policy analysts as an overall gauge of the intensity of a nation’s R&D effort. In this new edition of the National Patterns series, the ratio of U.S. R&D to GDP was 3.12% in 2019 and is es... June 01, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf22330 Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual) U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 2010–20 The U.S. research and development system consists of activities from a range of R&D performers and sources of funding. These include the federal government, nonfederal governments, business, higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, and private businesses. Organizations that perform... June 01, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf22330 Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual) U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector, source of funds, and type of R&D: 2019 The U.S. research and development system consists of activities from a range of R&D performers and sources of funding. These include the federal government, nonfederal governments, business, higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, and private businesses. Organizations that perform... June 01, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf22330 Reference Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | II. U.S. Business Enterprise R&D C. NCSES Surveys on Business R&D Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) Survey Annual Business Survey (R&D for Microbusiness module) May 19, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22209 Reference Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | II. U.S. Business Enterprise R&D Definition Topic 730 Research and Development, 730-10-20 Glossary Research is planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service (hereinafter “product”) or a new process or technique (hereinafte... May 19, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22209 Reference Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | II. U.S. Business Enterprise R&D Definition 1.174-2 Definition of research and development expenditures. (a) In general. (1) The term research or experimental expenditures , as used in section 174, means expenditures incurred in connection with the taxpayer’s trade or business which represent research and development costs in the experimen... May 19, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22209 Reference Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | II. U.S. Business Enterprise R&D Definition Research and development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge and to devise new applications of available knowledge. The term R&D does NOT include expenditures for the following: Costs for routine product testing, quality control, and ... May 19, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22209 Reference Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | V. R&D in National Accounts and Globalization Manuals Definition 3.234. Research and development services covers those services that are associated with basic research, applied research and experimental development of new products and processes and covers activities in the physical sciences, the social sciences and the humanities. Guide to Measuring Global Pro... May 19, 2022 www.ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/ncses22209 1 ⋯ 2 3 ⋯ 8 Next
